Inethiwekhi echaziweyo yenethiwekhi (SDON) idibanisa inethiwekhi echaziweyo yenethiwekhi (SDN) kunye nenethiwekhi yothutho. Yindawo ethe kratya kuphando kwicandelo lolawulo lwenethiwekhi yothutho. Inezicelo ezininzi kwinethiwekhi yokuhambisa ipakethi (PTN) kunye nenethiwekhi yothutho lwe-optical (OTN). Kwaye kulwakhiwo lolawulo lwenethiwekhi, imodeli yengcaciso, imbonakalo yentshonalanga nomzantsi, kunye nezinye izinto, zenza uthotho lwemigangatho. Ngokuvela kweemfuno zolawulo ezinje ngetekhnoloji yenethiwekhi ye-5G kunye nemizila yabucala engenamafu, iimfuno zentsebenzo zolawulo lwenethiwekhi zothutho kunye nenkqubo yolawulo kunye neseti yentsebenzo yentsebenzo icace gca, kwaye ke kufuneka ukwazi ukufikelela kulawulo oluhlanganisiweyo. kunye nolawulo lwenethiwekhi ye-othomathikhi kunye nolawulo lwendlu engaphezulu kunye nenkqubo yolawulo. Ngokombono wokuphucula ukusebenza nokugcinwa, kufuneka ube nezinto ezintsha ezinje ngolawulo oluhlangeneyo kunye nolawulo kunye nokusebenza ngobulumko kunye nokugcinwa kolawulo lwenethiwekhi yokuhambisa kunye nolawulo.

Okokuqala, inkqubo ye-SDON yamazwe aphesheya neyasekhaya imiselwe ngokugqibeleleyo

Ngokumalunga nokubekwa emgangathweni kwamanye amazwe, umsebenzi wokubekwa emgangathweni wothungelwano lwe-SDON ikakhulu ugqitywa yimibutho ebeka emgangathweni ngokubanzi njenge-ITU-T, ONF, kunye ne-IETF.

I-ITU-T ephambili ye-ITU-T igxile kulawulo kunye nolwakhiwo loyilo lothungelwano lwe-5G, ulawulo lwenethiwekhi, kunye nemodeli yolwazi lomaleko we-L0 ukuya kumaleko we-L2. Okwangoku, i-ITU-T igqibezele iinkcaza ezibini zolawulo lwe-G.7701 gabalala kunye ne-ITU-T G.7702 yothungelwano lwendlela yothungelwano lwe-SDN malunga nolawulo kunye nolwakhiwo loyilo; I-ITU-T G.7711 ulwazi ngokubanzi ngokubhekisele kwimodeli yolwazi lwenethiwekhi Imodeli ichaza imodeli yolwazi oluzimeleyo, ITU-T G.854.1 ichaza imodeli yenethiwekhi ye-L1, kunye ne-ITU-T G.807 (G.media) ichaza indlela Uyilo lolungelelwaniso lwendibaniselwano ye-L0 ye-medium optical network, i-ITU-T G.876 (G.media-mgmt) imisebenzi yolawulo kunye nendlela yokulawula yohlobo lwenethiwekhi yemithombo yeendaba ichaziwe, ITU-T G.807 kunye ne-G.876 kulindeleke ukuba igqitywe. ngeJulayi ngo-2019 kwaye siphuhliswe ngohlaziyo. Iqela elilandela u-ITU-T Q12 / 14 liya kujolisa kulwakhiwo lolawulo lwe-5G kunye nophando lwemodeli kuthungelwano nolawulo lwe-SDN yenethiwekhi, kunye nokwamkelwa komzekelo wolawulo wenethiwekhi (VN) kunye nolwakhiwo lomxholo / womxhasi ukuxhasa. icandelo lenethiwekhi ephezulu Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukulawulwa kwesilayine sothungelwano lwezothutho, kunye nokufunda itekhnoloji yokubuyisa inethiwekhi ephantsi kolwakhiwo oluyintloko lolawulo.

I-ONF ikakhulu ijolise emsebenzini onxulumene nemodeli yolwazi ye-SDN yenethiwekhi yothutho. Yenziwa ikakhulu liqela elisebenzayo leNethiwekhi yeNgcaciso yoLwazi (i-OTIM). Uphuhlise imigangatho efanelekileyo efana ne-TR-512 Core Information Model (CIM) kunye ne-TR-527 Transport API (TAPI) yomsebenzi wefomati umsebenzi. Ukulandela ikakhulu kugxile kukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi, imodeli yolwazi ye-OAM, imodeli ye-L0 ye-OTSi yokulinganisa ulwazi kunye neminye imisebenzi enxulumene nayo.

IETF ikakhulu ijolise kwimodeli yokulawula inethiwekhi yothutho, inethiwekhi ye-IP kunye nenethiwekhi, kwaye ichaze imodeli yenethiwekhi esekwe kwiYANG. Iqela elisebenzayo le-TEAS ngoku lihlaziya imodeli yokulawula ye-ACTN-based virtual (VN) modeli. Umjelo wayo wobunjineli bezothutho (i-TE) kunye neemodeli zetypology zigqityiwe ngokusisiseko. Ezi modeli zinokusetyenziselwa ulawulo lwenethiwekhi oluzimeleyo olunethiwekhi. Ulawulo lwenethiwekhi kunye nemodeli ezinxulumene nomgaqo-nkqubo ziqulunqwe kwiqela elisebenzayo leCCAMP, kubandakanya imigudu ye-OTN, iitopiki, kunye nemodeli yeshishini. I-IETF iya kuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa imigangatho yokufikelela kwenethiwekhi, ukusikwa kwenethiwekhi, ukuphathwa kwe-5G kunye neminye imiba, kunye nokuphucula imodeli ye-IETF yeYANG kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo.

Ngokubanzi, imibutho yokumiselwa kwamazwe ngamazwe efana ne-ITU-T, ONF, kunye ne-IETF ziwugqibile ngokusisiseko umsebenzi wokubekwa emgangathweni kwe-SDON. Okwangoku, uphando kubuchwephesha bolawulo lwe-5G kunye nokuphuculwa kwemodeli yolwazi efanelekileyo yenethiwekhi yothutho kugxilwe. Ngokumalunga nomsebenzi wokubekwa emgangathweni wasekhaya, umbutho wamanqanaba eTshayina woNxibelelwano (CCSA) uphuhlise inkqubo ehleliweyo ecacisa inkqubo ye-optical network, kubandakanya injongo-jikelele yolawulo lwe-SDON kunye netekhnoloji yolawulo, isoftware echaziweyo yothutho lwenethiwekhi (SDOTN), kunye nesoftware- Inethiwekhi yothutho lwepakethi (SPTN). Uthotho lwemigangatho.

Okwesibini, inethiwekhi echaziweyo yenethiwekhi (i-SDON) yophando lukhona

Ngokuqala kwetekhnoloji ye-5G kunye nokusebenzisana kwezicelo zenethiwekhi, ii-network ezichazwe kwisoftware (SDON) ziye zavela kwezinye iindawo zophando, kubandakanya nolawulo lwentsebenzo kunye nolawulo, ulawulo kunye nolawulo lwentambo , kunye nolawulo. Ukukhuselwa kwesixhobo, njl.

(1) Ulawulo oluhlangeneyo lube sisisombululo esiphambili sokuhanjiswa komlawuli we-SDON

Ukuzivelela okukulungeleyo kunxibelelwano, ukukhusela utyalo-mali olukhoyo lwenethiwekhi, kwaye kwangaxeshanye wenze umsebenzi wolawulo lwenethiwekhi kunye nemisebenzi yolawulo lwendabuko babe namava angahambelaniyo nomsebenzisi, kwaye inethiwekhi yomsebenzisi inesidingo solawulo oluhlangeneyo nolawulo. Iimpawu eziphambili zobugcisa kulawulo oludibeneyo nolawulo zibandakanya ukwamkelwa kolawulo oluhlangeneyo kunye neqonga lokulawula ukufezekisa ukuthunyelwa okuhlanganisiweyo kolawulo, ulawulo kunye nokusebenza kobulumko kunye nokugcina; ukwamkelwa kwemodeli yedatha emanyeneyo yokuthintela ukungqubana kwedatha phakathi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokucutha ukuthotywa kwenkqubo yokusebenza okubangelwa lungelelaniso lwedatha; Umdibaniso womanyano osenyakatho osetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngojongano oluvulekileyo olusekwe kwimodeli yeYANG yokufezekisa inkqubo yezixhobo zenethiwekhi. Inkqubo yolawulo olumanyanisiweyo Ngokwenyani yokuhanjiswa komsebenzi womnatha, ukwahlulahlulwa komhlaba kungasukela kwimisebenzi yenethiwekhi yokuhambisa imigaqo-nkqubo elawulwayo, umthetho olandelwayo uchaza indawo yokuhamba kuluhlu oluthile lwenethiwekhi yangaphakathi, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zothutho zenethiwekhi ukhuseleko Buyisela ukusebenza. Umlawuli wesizinda unokufikelela ngokuthe ngqo kumnxibelelanisi weenkonzo zenkampani ukuphumeza ukuthunyelwa ngokudibeneyo komlawuli, okanye uyilo lwenethiwekhi olukumgangatho ophakathi. Ngomsebenzi odibeneyo womenzi we-EMS / i-OMC kunye nomlawuli wesizinda (DC), ulawulo oluhlanganisiweyo nolawulo lwezixhobo ezikwiziko lezothutho zinokufezekiswa; Ngokudityaniswa kwenkqubo yolawulo lweeaseti zenqanaba eliphezulu kunye ne-orchestrator edibeneyo kunye nolawulo olusebenzayo lwedomeyini (SC) yenethiwekhi yothutho, i-orchestration edityanisiweyo yeshishini elinomda wedomeyini.

(2) I-SDON kufuneka isombulule ingxaki yolawulo lwenethiwekhi kunye nolawulo oluninzi

Umnatha wothutho lwesizukulwana esilandelayo uxhasa iileya ezininzi zenethiwekhi, kubandakanya umaleko we-L0 ukuya kubuchwephesha benethiwekhi beL3. Iitekhnoloji ezahlukeneyo zenethiwekhi zinokusetyenziselwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, okanye ezininzi zelahareji yenethiwekhi yetekhnoloji kwakwicandelo lenethiwekhi efanayo. Iinethiwekhi ezichaziweyo ezichaziweyo zesoftware kufuneka zibe nobubanzi obahlukeneyo, imisebenzi yolawulo yenethiwekhi ye-domain engafaniyo.

Ulawulo lwenethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo kunye nenethiwekhi ezininzi zinokumisela imodeli yolungelelwaniso lwendibaniselwano yomanyano, enokufezekiswa ngokusika kunye nokwandisa imodeli phantsi koyilo oluqhelekileyo lwemodeli. I-ITU-T G.7711 / ONF TR512 ichaza imodeli yolwazi lwenethiwekhi eqhelekileyo. I-IETF ichaza imodeli yenethiwekhi ezimeleyo yenethiwekhi ye-TE kunye nemodeli yenethiwekhi ye-IP phantsi koyilo oluhlanganisiweyo loyilo, i-ETH, i-ODU, i-L3VPN, ungqameko lwe-optical, kunye nezinye iitekhnoloji zenethiwekhi. Imodeli yokumisela imodeli inokwenziwa kwisiseko semodeli engentla, ukulungelelanisa kunye nokwandisa, kunye nokuchaza imodeli yolwazi yomdibaniso womnxibelelanisi omanyeneyo.

Ukongeza, ulawulo lwenethiwekhi kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo kufuneka lube nokucwangciswa kunye nokwenza imisebenzi yobubanzi bezinto zoncedo zothungelwano ukufezekisa ubumbeko oluphezulu lwezixhobo zenethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo. Kwinkqubo yomgaqo-nkqubo ejolise ekunxibelelaniseni inkonzo, umgaqo-nkqubo ohambelana nonxibelelwano ojolise ekunxibelelaniseni inkonzo, kunye nokubandakanya umda we-L0, umjelo we-L1 ungqameko lwe-ODU / ishaneli ye-FlexE, inkonzo ye-L2 ye-ETH, L3 umaleko we-SR-TP njl njl. yamkelwe Isicwangciso sobalo sokudibanisa indlela yomanyaniso kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokuxinana, njengokubalwa kwenqanaba elincinci, ixabiso elincinci, ukulibaziseka okuncinci, ukulungelelaniswa komthwalo, ukwahlula / ukubandakanywa / ukubandakanywa kwezixhobo zenethiwekhi, kunye nokuthintelwa kohlobo lonxibelelaniso. Kwimigaqo-nkqubo ye-L3 yonxibelelaniso engashukumiyo, njenge-SR-BE, umzila onamandla unokuphunyezwa kusetyenziswa indlela ye-SDN ephakathi okanye ukuhambisa iiprothokholi ze-BGP zokuhambisa.

Ukulungelelaniswa kwezicwangciso-ndlela ezininzi zokujikeleza, iiparamitha zokukhwela kufuneka zidluliselwe phakathi konwebu ezahlukeneyo zenethiwekhi, njengendleko zokuhamba komaleko wenkonzo, i-SRLG kunye nezinye iiparamitha, ezinokuthi zidluliselwe kumaleko wabathengi. Ikhonkco leendleko zokuhambisa ikhonkco lelahla lenkonzo linokusetyenziselwa umthengi. Ubalo lomzila wokubala. Okwesibini, amanqanaba aliqela okusebenziseka ngokudibeneyo komgaqo kufuneka achaze iinjongo zokuhlangana ezihlanganisiweyo ezihlanganisiweyo, izicwangciso kunye nobunzima bokufezekisa indlela yomaleko eyahlukeneyo.

(III) Ukusebenza komjikelo ozenzekelayo kunye nokugcinwa kwezinto ziyimfuneko esisiseko solawulo lwesilayiti senethiwekhi

Iimfuneko zesahlulo senethiwekhi ye-5G zithwala ngokuthe ngqo zicacile. Kuyimfuneko ukubonelela ngomthwali womnatha wenethiwekhi kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zenkonzo ezinjenge-EMBB, okumLLC, kunye ne-mMTC. Ukulawulwa kwesilayidi senethiwekhi iba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yolawulo. Okokuqala, uyilo lolawulo lolwakhiwo, ulungiselelo lwenethiwekhi yangoku yolawulo lwenethiwekhi, imodeli yolwazi, kunye nenkqubo yokunxibelelana kwesikhombisi ukuxhasa ulawulo lwenethiwekhi yesilayidi kunye nomsebenzi wolawulo; okwesibini, isilayidi senethiwekhi sifuna ucwangciso lobukrelekrele, kwaye ulawulo lwe-slice senethiwekhi luneempawu zokucwangciswa kwenethiwekhi kunye nokwenza. Inkqubo yolawulo lwenethiwekhi kunye neendlela zokulawula kufuneka zazise ucwangciso lwesilayidi kunye nemisebenzi yokuhambisa; Inkqubo yokulawulwa kwesilayidi, ukuthunyelwa ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokubeka esweni iimfuneko ezisisiseko zokucekelwa komnatha nge-5G, kwaye inkqubo evaliweyo evulekileyo yokufumana, ukudala, ukusebenza nokulondolozwa kwezixhobo zesilayidi kufuneka zenziwe ukuze kufezekiswe ukuthunyelwa ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokusebenza kwenethiwekhi yezilayi. Ubungakanani, inethiwekhi yomthwali kufuneka ixhase umsebenzi wokukrola ngesandla; Okokugqibela, ngokusekwe kwiimfuno zomlawuli ophezulu kunye nenkqubo yecheche, ngokusekwe kwiimpawu zobugcisa zenethiwekhi nganye yomaleko, ukuphathwa kwesilayidi kunye nolawulo lwezixhobo zomsebenzi womnatha wobubanzi obuninzi, ngokusekwe kwiimfuno zokusika zenethiwekhi engaphezulu yomaleko kunye Itekhnoloji yenethiwekhi ephethe iiNqobo zokuphumeza ulungelelwaniso lwesilayidi senethiwekhi.

(4) Ukusebenza kobukrelekrele kunye nokugcinwa kuzisa izinto ezintsha kwitekhnoloji ye-SDON

Itekhnoloji ye-Artificial intelligence (AI) izisa izinto ezintsha kulawulo lwenethiwekhi nakulawulo. Ngokwazisa uhlalutyo olukhulu lwedatha kwinethiwekhi yokungenisa kunye nokwazisa amandla okufunda kumatshini, inokuqonda isisombululo esinezinto ezikwiseshishini, uvavanyo lwe-AI olusekwe kubuchule bokuqonda, kunye nengxaki yokusebenza ngobuchule bokusebenza kwenethiwekhi kunye nokugcina okunje ngokucwangciswa nokwenziwa ngokusekwe kwishishini. ukubeka iliso kwintsebenzo. Umsebenzi wothungelwano lobuchule kunye nomsebenzi wokugcina kufuneka uxhase oomatshini abazenzekelayo, ukuvalwa okuvaliweyo kunye nokusebenza kobukrelekrele kunye nokugcinwa komsebenzi wenethiwekhi kunye nomjikelo wobomi bolondolozo. Kuthengiso oluninzi olunemisebenzi emininzi, eyingingqi, yenethiwekhi yetekhnoloji, imodeli yedatha emanyeneyo kufuneka ichazwe ukuba ikhuphe idatha kuthungelwano lokuziphatha ukuze kuhlalutywe indlela yokuziphatha kwinethiwekhi. Ukongeza, iimodeli zokuziphatha kufuneka zichazwe, ezinjengokuphuhlisa itemplate yolawulo lweempazamo kunye neemodeli zezilumkiso zendlela ukukhokela ukusebenza kobulumko kunye nokugcinwa kwenethiwekhi.

Okwesithathu, isishwankathelo

Ngokuqala kwetekhnoloji ye-5G kunye nokuvela kweemfuno zesicelo senethiwekhi ezinje ngemigca enikezelwe lilifu, uthungelwano oluchazwe kwisoftware luze neendawo ezininzi zophando. Ukusukela kwinqanaba langoku lokubeka emgangathweni, zombini iinkqubo zamanye amazwe nezasekhaya iinkqubo zenziwe zenethiwekhi kunye neendlela ezichaziweyo zenethiwekhi. Indawo elandelayo yophando iya kuba lolawulo lwenethiwekhi olubanzi kunye nolwakhiwo loyilo, ulawulo lwentambo yenethiwekhi, imodeli yolwazi yenethiwekhi eyahlukeneyo, kunye nabalawuli abasekwe kumlawuli. Ukuvuselelwa kokukhusela, njl njl. Isoftware echaziweyo yesoftware (i-SDON) iya kuguqulela kulawulo lwentsebenzo emanyeneyo, ukusebenza ngobulumko kunye nokugcinwa, kunye nokuphucula ulawulo lwengqondo kunye nolawulo kunye nokusebenza kunye nokugcina ngokukuko.